Article de reference

Connectionless communication

Connectionless communication , often referred to as CL-mode communication, is a data transmission method used in packet switching networks, using data packets that are frequentl...

transmission method used in packet switching networks, using data packets that are frequently called datagrams, in which each data packet is individually addressed and routed based on information carried in each packet, rather than in the setup information of a prearranged, fixed data channel as in connection-oriented communication. Connectionless protocols are usually described as stateless protocols, the Internet Protocol (IP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are examples.

Attributes

Under connectionless communication between two network endpoints, a message can be sent from one endpoint to another without prior arrangement. The device at one end of the communication transmits data addressed to the other, without first ensuring that the recipient is available and ready to receive the data. Some protocols allow for error correction by requesting retransmission.

Connectionless protocols are stateless protocols because the endpoints have no protocol-defined way to remember where they are in a "conversation" of message exchanges. It has lower overhead than connection-oriented communication because, in connection-oriented communication, the communicating peers must first establish a logical or physical data channel or connection in a dialog preceding the exchange of user data. It allows for multicast and broadcast operations in which the same data are transmitted to several recipients in a single transmission.

In connectionless transmissions the service provider usually cannot guarantee that there will be no loss, error insertion, misdelivery, duplication, or out-of-sequence delivery of the packet. However, the effect of errors may be reduced by implementing error correction within an application protocol.

En mode sans connexion, l'optimisation est limitée lors de l'envoi de plusieurs unités de données entre deux mêmes pairs. L'établissement d'une connexion au début de cet échange permet aux composants ( routeurs , ponts ) du réseau de précalculer (et donc de mettre en cache ) les informations de routage, évitant ainsi un nouveau calcul pour chaque paquet. En communication orientée connexion, les composants réseau peuvent également réserver de la capacité pour le transfert des unités de données suivantes, par exemple pour le téléchargement d'une vidéo.

Architecture et implémentations

La distinction entre transmission sans connexion et transmission orientée connexion peut s'effectuer à plusieurs niveaux du modèle de référence OSI :

Parmi les protocoles sans connexion notables, on peut citer : le protocole Internet (IP), le protocole de datagramme utilisateur (UDP), le protocole de messages de contrôle Internet (ICMP), l'échange de paquets Internetwork (IPX), la communication interprocessus transparente , NetBIOS et le protocole rapide et sécurisé (FASP).

Cet article intègre des éléments du domaine public provenant de la norme fédérale 1037C de la General Services Administration . Version archivée le 22 janvier 2022.