Article de reference

Calcul multivariable

Le calcul multivarié (également connu sous le nom de calcul multivarié ) est l'extension du calcul à une variable aux fonctions de plusieurs variables : la différentiation et l'...

calcul à une variable aux fonctions de plusieurs variables : la différentiation et l'intégration de fonctions impliquant plusieurs variables ( multivariées ), plutôt qu'une seule.

Multivariable calculus may be thought of as an elementary part of calculus on Euclidean space. The special case of calculus in three dimensional space is often called vector calculus.

domain is therefore multi-dimensional. Care is therefore required in these generalizations, because of two key differences between 1D and higher dimensional spaces:

  1. There are infinite ways to approach a single point in higher dimensions, as opposed to two (from the positive and negative direction) in 1D;
  2. There are multiple extended objects associated with the dimension; for example, a 1D function is represented as a curve on the 2D Cartesian plane, but a scalar-valued function of two variables is a surface in 3D, while curves can also live in 3D space.

The consequence of the first difference is the difference in the definition of the limits and continuity. Directional limits and derivatives define the limit and differential along a 1D parametrized curve, reducing the problem to the 1D case. Further higher-dimensional objects can be constructed from these operators.

The consequence of the second difference is the existence of multiple types of integration, including line integrals, surface integrals and volume integrals. Due to the non-uniqueness of these integrals, an antiderivative or indefinite integral cannot be properly defined.

Limits

A study of limits and continuity in multivariable calculus yields many counterintuitive results not demonstrated by single-variable functions.

A limit along a path may be defined by considering a parametrised path

Différenciation

Il est donc possible de généraliser la définition de la dérivée directionnelle comme suit : la dérivée directionnelle d'une fonction scalaire le long du vecteur unitaire en un point donné est